Health Economics

Health care services defines the procedure performed on a person for diagnosing or treating a disease and also furnishing of medicine, medical or surgical treating, nursing, hospital service, dental services, optometric service, complementary health services or any or all of the calculated services or any other required services like character, whether or not contingent upon sickness or personal injury, as well as equipped to any person of any other services and goods for the purpose of preventing, lighten, curing or healing human illness, physical disability or injury. This also deals with the act of taking preventative and necessary medical procedures to improve a person's condition. This may be done with surgery, the administering of medicine, or other changes in a person's lifestyle. These services are typically provided through a health care system made up of hospitals and physicians.

Global Health Policy is a thing which plays a vital role in study, research which improves inhealth and gaining the equality in health to the people from every corner of the world. It will also make strong grip with principles and theories of global health problems, and major provocations and controversies to expertise global population health as well as practical appliance of significant methods which analyses and illustrate puzzles and challenges for policy. It involves the way to build the knowledge and skills required to overcome health and foreign policy, health governance, intense disease surveillance, non-communicable diseases, difficulty of disease, universal health coverage, health systems strengthening, health finance, and human resources for health and ageing.

Telehealth is defined as the use of electronic information with the combination of telecommunications technologies to support long distance clinical healthcare, patient and professional health related education, public health and health administration. Patient’s gain benefits like improves chronic disease management and reduces the burden and cost of transportation of care. Telehealth involves the distribution of information via electronic devices and telecommunication technologies and health-related services. Telehealth could include two clinicians discussing a case over video conference; home monitoring through continuous sending of patient health data; a robotic surgery occurring through remote access; physical therapy done via digital monitoring instruments, client to practitioner online conference; live feed and application combinations; tests being forwarded between facilities for interpretation by a higher specialist; or even videophone interpretation during a consult.

E-Health is a term which refers to the use of information and communications technologies in the field of healthcare. E-Health is interchangeable with health informatics with a broad definition covering electronic or digital processes in health in case others use it in the narrow sense of healthcare practice using the Internet.  It can also undergo health applications and links on mobile phones, referred to as mHealth or m-Health. eHealth is the only most important revolution in healthcare since the advent of modern medicines, vaccines, even public healthmeasures like sanitation and clean water. eHealth is one of the cost-effective and secure use of information and communications technologies in support of health and health-related fields, health literature, including health-care services, health surveillance, health education, knowledge and research.

Telenursing is a method which refers the use of telecommunications and information technology in the provision of nursing services whenever a large physical distance exists between any number of nurses or patient and nurse. Telenursing is also a part of telemedicine and telehealth, and has many points of contacts with other medical and non-medical applications, such as teleconsultation,  telemonitoring and telediagnosis. It is also defined as the component of telehealth that occurs when nurses meet the health needs of clients using communication and information on web-based systems. It is also defined as the delivery, coordination and management of services and care provided using information and telecommunication technologies”. This may be considered as telenursing is a branch of the more general Nursing Informatics, the application of Information and Communication Technologies  to nursing scopes and activities

Health economics and outcome research is a regulation that is used to complement traditional clinical development information such as efficiency, safety, quality etc., to guide decision makers regarding patient access to definite drugs and services. Basically Health Economics analyses the economic aspects of health and healthcare, with a deep focus on the costs/ inputs and consequences/outcomes of healthcare interventions. Whereas the Outcome Research evaluates the effect of health care interventions on patient related clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes. Health economics outcomes research involves organises economic analyses for health care interventions from the different perspectives, including that of the patient, the health careprovider.

Healthcare technology is defined as it is the application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives. It encloses a wide range of healthcare products and is mostly used to treat diseases and medical conditions affecting humans. The Healthcare Technology sector brings all designers and manufacturers of medical products together for prevention, therapy, diagnostics, and patient healthcare monitoring. It supports health information management among computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, payers, providers and quality monitors. This improves health care quality effectively, Reduce health care costs, Expand access to affordable care.

Health insurance is a type of insurance coverage which covers the cost of insured individual medical and surgical expenses. Based up on the type of health insurance coverage, either the insured pays costs out of pocket and is then reimbursed, or the insurer can makes payments directly to the provider. Health Insurance that covers the whole or at least a part of the burden of a person incurring medical expenses, spreading the risk over a large number of persons. By calculating the overall risk of health care and health system expenses over the risk pool, an insurer can develop a routine finance structure, such as a payroll tax or monthly premium, to provide the money to pay for the health care benefits specified in the insurance agreement.

Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, value, and behaviour in the production and consumption of health and healthcare. In broad terms, health economists study the functioning of healthcare systems and health-affecting behaviours such as smoking. Health economic studies provide information to decision makers for efficient use of available resources for maximizing health benefits. Economic evaluation is one part of health economics, and it is a tool for comparing costs and consequences of different interventions.

Social economics is a branch of economics that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and economics. ... Social economic theories often consider subject matter outside the focus of mainstream economics, including the effect of the environment and ecology on consumption and wealth. The Economics of Social care deals with the economical income for the health care & its characteristics.

Healthcare Equality Index. Share this. In its 11th year, the Healthcare Equality Index (HEI) is the national LGBTQ benchmarking tool that evaluates healthcare facilities' policies and practices related to the equity and inclusion of their LGBTQ patients, visitors and employees. Health Equity and Social Justice. The goal of NACCHO's Health Equity and Social Justice program is to advance the capacity of local health departments (LHDs) to confront the root causes of inequities in the distribution of disease and illness through public health practice and their organizational structure

Mental Health is defined as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. Mental health refers to our cognitive, behavioral, and emotional wellbeing - it is all about how we think, feel, and behave. The term 'mental health' is sometimes used to mean an absence of a mental disorder. Mental health can affect daily life, relationships, and even physical health. Mental health also includes a person's ability to enjoy life - to attain a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience

Welfare economics is a branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to evaluate well-being (welfare) at the aggregate. A typical methodology begins with the derivation (or assumption) of a social welfare function, which can then be used to rank economically feasible allocations of resources in terms of the social welfare they entail. Such functions typically include measures of economic efficiency and equity, though more recent attempts to quantify social welfare have included a broader range of measures including economic freedom (as in the capability approach). The field of welfare economics is associated with two fundamental theorems. The first states that given certain assumptions, competitive markets produce (Pareto) efficient outcomes. it captures the logic of Adam Smith's invisible hand. The second states that given further restrictions, any Pareto efficient outcome can be supported as competitive market equilibrium. Thus a social planner could use a social welfare function to pick the most equitable efficient outcome, and then use lump sum transfers followed by competitive trade to bring it about. Because of welfare economics' close ties to social choice theory, Arrow's impossibility theorem is sometimes listed as a third fundamental theorem.

Health economics and resource management: a model for hospital efficiency. Author information: ... The resource management model is presented as an example of how hospitals and physicians can monitor health care services and improve their performance in the delivery of more cost-efficient, high-quality medical care. Hospital managers are responsible for making decisions regarding the financing and structure of a hospital. They also evaluate new procedures and health-care efficiency.

Healthcare financing refers to the mobilisation of funds for healthcare and mechanisms for paying for healthcare services. Healthcare financing entails allocation of funds to regions, groups and specific types of healthcare. Healthcare is financed through public expenditure, private expenditure or external aid. The primary role of financial management in healthcare organizations is to manage money and risk in a way that helps to achieve the financial goals of the organization. ... Evaluation and planning: Involves evaluating the financial effectiveness and overall operations of the healthcare organization to plan for the future.

Health ageing means optimising opportunities for physical, social and mental health to enable older people to take an active part in society without discrimination and to enjoy an independent and good quality of life. Healthy Ageing is the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age”. Functional ability is about having the capabilities that enable all people to be and do what they have reason to value. Healthy Ageing is about creating the environments and opportunities that enable people to be and do what they value throughout their lives. Everybody can experience Healthy Ageing. Being free of disease or infirmity is not a requirement for Healthy Ageing as many older adults have one or more health conditions that, when well controlled, have little influence on their wellbeing.